GATE 1991

The correct answer is 1:1.618 ratio. “Golden Mean,” which is also known as the “Golden Ratio” or “Divine Proportion.” The Golden Mean is a mathematical concept that has been appreciated for its aesthetic qualities and its presence in various aspects of art, architecture, and nature.
Mathematically, the Golden Mean is represented by the Greek letter phi (φ) and is approximately equal to 1.61803398875. It’s derived by dividing a line into two parts in such a way that the ratio of the whole line to the longer segment is the same as the ratio of the longer segment to the shorter segment. In equation form, this can be expressed as:

(a + b) / a = a / b = φ

The correct answer is “on the west wall of a mosque”. A “mihrab” is a distinctive feature in Islamic architecture, particularly within mosques. It is a semicircular niche or indentation in the wall that indicates the direction of the qibla, which is the direction Muslims face when performing their daily prayers. The qibla points toward the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is a significant focal point for Muslims during their worship. The mihrab is usually positioned on the wall that faces the direction of Mecca. It’s a symbolic representation of the connection between the worshipper and the holy city of Mecca. While the mihrab’s primary function is to guide the congregation’s orientation during prayers, it also serves as a visual and architectural element that adds beauty and depth to the mosque’s interior.

The correct answer is Taj Mahal. Indo-Saracenic architecture blends Indian, Islamic, and European styles. While not typical, Taj Mahal’s restoration had some colonial influences.

The correct answer is “Encourage weed growth”. A good mulch consists of materials like straw, wood chips, or compost. Using it or applying it improperly can inadvertently encourage weed growth. As it may contain weed seeds, and if not properly layered or maintained, it can provide a hospitable environment for weeds to germinate and grow alongside desired plants. Proper mulching depth and weed-free mulch are key to preventing weed growth.

The correct answer is “New type dome construction”. Byzantine architecture is famous for its use of domes, intricate mosaics, and elaborate decoration. It’s characterized by grand domed structures, such as the Hagia Sophia, and the use of richly adorned surfaces with religious and imperial themes in churches, palaces, and other buildings.

The correct answer is “Gateway”. A “gopuram” is a monumental and ornate tower, often found at the entrance of Hindu temples in Southern India. It is a prominent feature of Dravidian temple architecture. Gopurams are elaborately decorated with intricate sculptures, carvings, and vibrant paintings depicting religious and mythological themes. They serve as a symbolic and architectural gateway to the temple complex, leading to the main sanctuary.

The correct answer is “Catenary”. The catenary arch is known for its efficient load-bearing properties. It closely follows the shape of a hanging chain under its own weight, distributing forces evenly, which makes it an efficient design for handling loads. This form of arch is often used in engineering and architecture to create strong and stable structures.

The correct answer is “Unrelated natural order”. Le Corbusier’s modular system, known as the “Modulor,” is based on human proportions and designed to provide a sense of harmony and functionality in architecture and design. The Modulor is not based on unrelated natural orders, but rather it’s an attempt to harmonize human dimensions with architectural scale. The Modulor system includes two scales: the “red series” and the “blue series.”

The “red series” is primarily based on the height of a man with his arm raised, and it’s intended to work with standing or seated positions. The dimensions of the Modulor are based on a combination of the golden ratio and metric measurements, which Le Corbusier believed would provide a sense of proportion that resonated with the human form.

While the Modulor may seem complex, it’s an example of how architects have tried to establish a relationship between human scale and architectural design to create spaces that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

The correct answer is “T-trap”. In plumbing, a trap is a U-shaped portion of pipe designed to trap liquid or gas to prevent unwanted flow; most notably sewer gases from entering buildings while allowing waste materials to pass through. In oil refineries, traps are used to prevent hydrocarbons and other dangerous gases and chemical fumes from escaping through drains domestic applications, traps are typically U, S, Q, or J-shaped pipe located below or within a plumbing fixture. T-trap is not a trap it’s a pipe connection.

The correct answer is “6.5 – 8.0”. The pH value of treated domestic water supply should typically be between 6.5 and 8.5. This range ensures that the water is neither too acidic nor too alkaline, making it safe for consumption and use in various household activities. Water with a pH value outside of this range might indicate a need for further treatment or adjustment to ensure its quality and safety.

The correct answer is “Activity oriented”. PERT, which stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique, is a project management method used to manage and schedule tasks within a project. It is often used in complex projects where the time and resources required for each task are uncertain.

PERT is actually “activity-oriented,”. It focuses on breaking down a project into specific activities or tasks and then creating a network diagram that shows the sequence of these activities, their dependencies, and the estimated time required for each activity. Events in PERT represent points in time when certain milestones or outcomes are achieved as activities are completed.

The correct answer is “Retarding the setting time”. Gypsum is added in cement manufacture primarily for the property of controlling the setting time of the cement. Gypsum, in the form of calcium sulfate dihydrate, is added to the cement during the grinding process.

The correct answer is “consists of events all having zero or minimum slack times”. In the Critical Path Method (CPM), the critical path is the longest sequence of activities (or events) that determines the shortest time in which a project can be completed. It connects the initial event (start) to the end event (finish) and consists of activities with zero slack time, also known as float. Slack time refers to the amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting the project’s overall duration.

While activities on the critical path have zero slack, it’s not necessary for all events on the critical path to have zero or minimum slack times. The events themselves don’t typically have slack times; slack is associated with activities. Each activity on the critical path contributes to the overall project duration, and any delay in these activities will directly impact the project’s completion time.

The correct answer is “12.5m”. The audiences seated within approximately 12.5 meters (about 41 feet) from the stage would have the best chance of seeing facial expressions clearly in that particular venue. It’s important to note that this distance may vary based on factors such as the size of the stage, the height of seating, the layout of the theater, and the quality of lighting and visual equipment.

The correct answer is “Sap Wood”. The sapwood is the layer of wood directly beneath the bark and is responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the tree. The innermost part of the tree trunk is the heartwood, which is typically darker and denser than the sapwood. The heartwood provides structural support to the tree.

The correct answer is “Sand Stone”. The Sun Temple of Konark was predominantly built using a type of sandstone, not Khondalite. The primary building material used for the temple’s construction is a type of ferruginous (iron-rich) sandstone, commonly referred to as “Khandolite” or “Khondalite.” This sandstone is locally available in the region and was extensively used for the intricate carvings and architectural elements of the temple.

The correct answer is “10”. The average power output of human speech in ordinary conversation varies widely depending on factors such as the volume, intensity, and individual speaking habits. However, a rough estimate of the power output of human speech in ordinary conversation is around 10

The correct answer is “Education facility”. A school located within a half-kilometer radius forms the basis of the neighborhood unit concept, originally introduced by Clarence Perry. This early diagram-based planning model, devised in 1929, outlines a framework for organizing residential development in urban areas.A school located within a half-kilometer radius forms the basis of the neighborhood unit concept, originally introduced by Clarence Perry. This early diagram-based planning model, devised in 1929, outlines a framework for organizing residential development in urban areas.

The correct answer is “2.75m”. Previously, the height requirement in accordance with the 1983 version of the NBC was 2.75 meters. However, the current standard under the NBC 2016 has been revised to 2.6 meters. These adjustments are in line with the NBC 2016 guidelines.

The correct answer is “Open type single or semidetached houses”. The preferred housing layout, taking acoustic considerations into account, involves open-type single or semi-detached houses. These designs provide greater acoustic separation between units due to their physical separation, minimizing sound transmission between residences. This layout enhances privacy and reduces noise disturbances, contributing to a more tranquil living environment.